2. Differences between Job Hunting in the U.S. and in Japan

① Interview Process and Documents

U.S.: Hiring often completed in 1–2 interviews; resignation requires only 2 weeks’ notice. Resumes are free-format, usually 1–2 pages, and personal details (age, gender, photo) are excluded.
Japan: Hiring may require multiple interviews (HR, managers, president) and aptitude tests. Standardized resumes (Rirekisho) with personal details and photo are required, plus a detailed career history (Shokumukeirekisho).

② Hiring Background and Criteria

U.S.: Hiring is continuous year-round, including mid-year. Selection is based mainly on skills and expertise. Job changes are more accepted, though reasons should be explained.
Japan: New graduate hiring is concentrated in spring. Selection often emphasizes age, career stage, number of job changes, and past company prestige.

③ Employment Style and Conditions

U.S.: At-will employment allows termination by either party with few restrictions. Salary negotiations are common and protected in some states; resignation notice is generally 2 weeks.
Japan: Lifetime employment culture still strong; employees are often reassigned within the company. Salary increases are modest (~10% on job change). Resignation usually requires 1+ month’s notice.

Points Summary

Category	U.S.	Japan
Interview & Resume	Fewer interviews, flexible resume, no personal details	Multiple interviews/tests, standard Rirekisho + work history
Hiring Timing	Year-round, skills-based	Spring focus, age/career emphasis
Job Changes	Common, reasons expected	Less frequent, job hopping viewed negatively
Employment System	At-will, flexible termination	Lifetime employment, internal reassignments
Salary & Resignation	Negotiated, ~2 weeks’ notice	Modest raises, 1+ month notice