1. About U.S. visas

① U.S. Visa Basics

To work or live long-term in the U.S., a visa is required.

• Immigrant visa: for permanent residence.
>Nonimmigrant visa: for study, work, or long-term stay.
• To earn income, a valid work visa tied to an employer is necessary.

② Common Work & Student Visas

Representative visas used by Japanese nationals include:

• H-1B: specialty occupations, max 6 years.
• L-1: intra-company transfers, executives/specialized knowledge, up to 7 years.
• E-1/E-2: treaty trader and investor visas under U.S.-Japan treaty.
• OPT/CPT: student training programs linked to academic study.
• F-1/M/J: student and training visas with limited work options.

③ Spouses of Visa Holders

• Spouses of E and L visa holders: If the I-94 record lists the correct status (E-1S / E-2S / L-2S), they can generally work without applying for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD).
• Spouses of J-1 visa holders (J-2 visa): They may work if they obtain an EAD.
• Spouses of G-4 visa holders (employees of international organizations): They may also work if they obtain an EAD.

④ Key Considerations

• Visa eligibility depends on education, skills, and employer sponsorship.
• Application procedures are complex; errors can cause lost opportunities.
• Rules change frequently — always check USCIS guidelines or consult an expert.

Points Summary